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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Money
Safe
Coloring
Grocery
Queens
More Information
The Examples
Acknowledgements
2 Propagate and Distribute
2.1 Finite Domains and Constraints
2.2 Constraint Propagation
2.3 Spaces, Propagators, and Constraint Stores
2.4 Interval and Domain Propagation
2.5 Incompleteness of Propagation
2.6 Distribution and Search Trees
2.7 An Example
2.8 Distribution Strategies
2.9 Search Order
2.10 Models
3 Writing Problem Solvers in Oz
3.1 Format of Scripts
3.2 Example: Send More Money
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
Posting of constraints
3.3 The Explorer
3.4 New Primitives
3.5 Watching Propagators
3.6 Example: Safe
Problem Specification
Model and Distribution Strategy
Script
4 Elimination of Symmetries and Defined Constraints
4.1 Example: Grocery
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
A Subtle Symmetry
4.2 Example: Family
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Stratgey
Script
4.3 Example: Zebra Puzzle
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
5 Parameterized Scripts
5.1 Example: Queens
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
5.2 Example: Changing Money
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
6 Minimizing a Cost Function
6.1 Example: Coloring a Map
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
6.2 Example: Conference
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
7 Propagators for Redundant Constraints
7.1 Example: Fractions
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
7.2 Example: Pythagoras
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
7.3 Example: Magic Squares
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
7.4 Exercises
8 Reified Constraints
8.1 Getting Started
Exercises
8.2 Example: Aligning for a Photo
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy.
Script.
Exercises
8.3 Example: Self-referential Aptitude Test
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
Exercises
8.4 Example: Bin Packing
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
Exercises
9 User-Defined Distributors
9.1 A Naive Distribution Strategy
9.2 A Domain-Splitting Distributor
10 Branch and Bound
10.1 Example: Aligning for a Photo, Revisited
10.2 Example: Locating Warehouses
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
11 Scheduling
11.1 Building a House
Problem Specification
11.1.1 Building a House: Precedence Constraints
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
11.1.2 Building a House: Capacity Constraints
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
11.1.3 Building a House: Serializers
Ordering Tasks by Distribution
Script
11.2 Constructing a Bridge
Problem Specification
Model
Distribution Strategy
Script
11.3 Strong Propagators for Capacity Constraints
11.4 Strong Serializers
11.5 Solving Hard Scheduling Problems
11.5.1 The Problem ABZ6
11.5.2 The MT10 Problem
A Traps and Pitfalls
Ordinary Arithmetic Blocks
Delay of Propagators
The Operators
=:
and
::
don't Introduce Pattern Variables
Delay of Domain Specifications
Coreferences are not Always Realized
Large Numbers
B Golden Rules
Analyze and Understand your Script
Experiment
Have as much Constraint Propagation as Possible
Find a Good Distribution Strategy
Keep the Number of Variables and Propagators Low
Eliminate Symmetries
Introduce Propagators for Redundant Constraints
Use Recomputation if Memory Consumption is a Problem
C Example Data
Scheduling
Answers to the Exercises
Bibliography
Index
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Christian Schulte
and
Gert Smolka
Version 1.4.0 (20080702)